The short answer
Age is read from the covering, not guessed from the walls. Clay tile, slate and stone each date differently, and many old roofs have been patched in more than one material. We identify the covering and the timbers on survey, photograph both, and tell you whether the roof needs a repair or a re-cover.
A roof is rarely the same age as the house beneath it. Over a few centuries a cottage near St Thomas's may have been re-covered once or twice, patched many times and had a chimney rebuilt, so the roof you see is the sum of many decisions. Reading it is the first job on any survey.
Q1.1How can you tell which covering is original?
Handmade clay plain tiles have a slight camber and uneven colour, while machine-made ones are flatter and sharper at the edges. Welsh slate is thin and regular, and it spread to villages like this from the nineteenth century as transport improved. Stone is thick and heavy, laid with the biggest pieces low down and small ones near the top. Where two materials share a slope, one of them is a repair, and the join is often where water finds its way in.
Q1.2What does the loft side give away?
The covering is only half the story. From the loft side we look for daylight, dark water staining on the rafters, softened battens and sagging between the purlins. A roof that looks tired from the lane can be sound underneath, and the reverse happens too: tidy tiles sitting on rotten battens. The underlay is another clue, because an old roof may have none at all, or only a brittle old felt that has cracked along its folds.
Q1.3Will my cottage need a full re-cover?
Where the carpentry is healthy and the problem is confined, such as slipped tiles, a failed valley or a worn flashing, a repair is the right size of job and you will be told that plainly. Where battens have softened over a whole slope, patching only postpones the bill. Stripping and re-covering with the original tiles, sorted and topped up with matching ones, then serves the building better. Our roof repairs page sets out what a repair visit includes, and the pitched roofing page covers full re-covers.